The prostate is a vital component of the male sex organs. The prostate gland is mistakenly known as the prostrate. Its overriding function is to first produce and then store a transparent liquid that is a vital part of seminal fluid or semen. A sound individual's prostate is a bit bigger than a shelled walnut. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra below the bladder. It is positioned in front of the rectal area and part of it can be felt while undergoing a rectal evaluation.

Inflammation in the prostate gland is named prostatitis. If the prostate grows too enlarged it can impede urine flow, making urination very painful and more difficult and in extreme instances completely impossible. Prostatitis is commonly treated with antibiotic medications, prostate massage or surgery.

In older-aged males, the prostate may enlarge to the point where urination becomes difficult. This is commonly known as benign prostatic hyperplasia, commonly termed BPH. It can be treated with medication or with surgical procedures that removes a component of the prostate. One common operation used in these types of cases is called transurethral prostate resection (TUR or TURP).

Cancer of the prostate gland is one of the most common cancers affecting older males and a major cause of deaths. Regular rectal exams are recommended to discover prostate cancer before it spreads. There is also a laboratory blood test that measures the amount of a protein, PSA or Prostate Specific Antigen), which is also normally quite low. Elevated test results could be an indicator of disease inside the prostate, either prostatitis, benign hyperplasia or a cancerous prostate. The PSA test cannot distinguish between these conditions, but can be a reason for a doctor to investigate more thoroughly. Prostate cancer is treated with hormone manipulation (preventing testosterone production), radiation or surgical measures. It has only recently been found that drugs including Docetaxel are effective in treating a cancerous prostate.

Stimulating the prostate gland in men has been compared to stimulation of the G spot in females because prostate stimulation can lead to more powerful sexual climax. Prostate massage or prostate milking refers to massage of the prostate whether for health-related or strictly sexual purposes.

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