The prostate gland is an important part of the masculine sexual organs. It is mistakenly called the prostrate. The prostate's chief job is to produce and store a clear liquid that is an important part of seminal fluid or semen. A non-diseased human prostate is a bit heftier in size than a walnut. It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It is also situated in front of the rectum and a portion of it can be felt during the normal course of the rectal part of the exam.

Inflammation in the prostate gland is named prostatitis. If the prostate grows too enlarged it can obstruct the flow of urine, making urination difficult and painful and in severe instances totally impassable. Prostatitis is treated with antibiotic medications, massage of the prostate or even operations.

In men who are older, the prostate often enlarges to the point where urination becomes difficult. This is named bPH/benign prostatic hyperplasia. It can be treated with the use of medication or with even surgical procedures that removes part of the prostate. One very typical surgical procedure used in such cases is called transurethral prostate resection (TURP or TUR).

Cancer of the prostate is one of the most common cancers to strike older-aged men and a major cause of dying. Regular rectal exams are highly recommended to find prostate cancer before it spreads. There is also a laboratory blood test that will measure the concentration of a protein, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), which should normally be quite low. Elevated test results can be an indicator of disease inside the prostate, either prostatitis, benign hyperplasia or a cancerous prostate. The PSA blood test cannot distinguish between them, but can be a reason for a doctor to investigate further. Prostate cancer is treated with hormonal manipulation (prevention of production of testosterone), radiation or even surgical measures. It has only recently been observed that medications including Docetaxel may be useful in the treatment of a cancerous prostate.

Stimulating the prostate gland in males has been compared to stimulation of the G spot in females because prostate stimulation can lead to more powerful orgasm. Prostate massage or prostate milking refers to massaging motions of the prostate either for clinical value or for strictly sexual purposes.

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