The prostate is really a gland that is a component of the sex organs of the male. The prostate gland is mistakenly called the prostrate, rather than prostate. The prostate gland's predominant role is to secrete and store a see-through fluid that is an important part of semen (seminal fluid). A sound man's prostate gland is slightly greater in size than a walnut. It surrounds the urethra beneath the bladder. It is situated in front of the rectal area and part of it can be felt during the course of the rectal part of the exam.

Inflammation of the prostate gland is termed prostatitis. If the prostate becomes enlarged too much it can stop the urine stream, making urination very painful and difficult and in extreme situations wholly impassable. Prostatitis is commonly treated with antibiotic drugs, massage of the prostate or surgical measures.

In men who are elderly, the prostate can enlarge to the point where urination becomes difficult. This is termed benign prostatic hyperplasia, commonly called BPH. It can be treated with medications or with surgery that removes part of the prostate. One very typical surgery used in these types of cases is called transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP or TUR).

Prostatic gland cancer is one of the most commonplace cancers to affect elderly men and a leading cause of deaths. Consistent rectal exams are highly recommended to pick up prostate cancer before it spreads. There can be also a blood test that will measure the amount of a protein, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), which is, in normal men, quite low. Raised pSA blood results might indicate a disorder within the prostate, either prostatitis, benign hyperplasia or cancer. The PSA test cannot distinguish between them, but can be a reason for your doctor to investigate more. Prostate cancer is treated with hormone manipulation (preventing testosterone production), radiation or surgical measures. It has just recently been found that medicines including Docetaxel can be useful in treating prostate cancer.

Stimulation of the prostate in males has been compared to stimulation of the G spot in females because prostate stimulation can lead to more powerful sexual climax. Prostate massage or prostate milking refers to massage of the prostate whether for clinical or strictly for sexual purposes.

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