The prostate is an important part of the male sexual organs. The prostate is mistakenly called the prostrate, rather than prostate. The prostate gland's chief job is to produce and store a clear fluid that is a vital part of semen. A non-diseased man's prostate is slightly bigger than a shelled walnut. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra below the urinary bladder. It is located in front of the rectal region and part of it can be felt during the rectal part of the exam.

Inflammation in the prostate gland is named prostatitis. If the prostate grows too enlarged it can hinder urine flow, making urination painful and difficult and in very severe situations entirely impossible. Prostatitis can usually be treated with antibiotic prescription medications, massage of the prostate or operations.

In older males, the prostate can grow to the point where urination becomes difficult or impossible. This is termed benign prostatic hyperplasia, commonly termed BPH. It can be treated with the use of medicines or with even surgical procedures that removes part of the prostate. One very typical surgery used in these types of cases is called transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR or TURP).

Cancer of the prostate gland is one of the most common cancers that strikes older-aged males and a leading cause of dying. Regular rectal exams are medically recommended to discover prostate cancer before it spreads. There is also a lab blood test that will measure the amount of a protein, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), which is normally quite low. Elevated bloodwork PSA results may suggest disease inside the prostate, whether prostatitis, benign hyperplasia or a cancerous prostate. The PSA blood test cannot distinguish between them, but can be a reason for a doctor to investigate even further. Prostate cancer is treated with hormonal manipulation (preventing testosterone production), radiation or even surgery. It has just recently been noted that medicines such as Docetaxel could be effective in the treatment of cancer.

Stimulation of the prostate in males has been compared to stimulation of the G spot in females because prostate stimulation can result in a more powerful orgasm. Prostate massage or prostate milking refers to massage of the prostate whether for medical value or primarily for sexual fulfillment.

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