The prostate is a gland that is part of the male sexual organs. It is mistakenly called the prostrate gland. The prostate's most paramount job is to secrete and then store a transparent liquid that is a vital component of seminal fluid (semen). A sound human's prostate is somewhat heftier in size than a shelled walnut. It surrounds the urethra just below the bladder. It is also positioned in front of the rectal region and part of it can be felt while undergoing the rectal part of the exam.

Inflammation in the prostate gland is termed prostatitis. If the prostate grows enlarged it can impede the flow of urine, making urination very painful and difficult and in severe instances entirely impassable. Prostatitis is commonly treated with antibiotic drugs, prostate massage or even surgical procedures.

In elderly males, the prostate can enlarge to the point where urination becomes difficult or impossible. This is named benign prostatic hyperplasia, commonly termed BPH. It can be treated with different types of medicines or with even surgery that removes a component of the prostate. One commonplace surgical procedure used in such cases is called transurethral prostate resection (TURP or TUR).

Prostatic cancer is one of the most commonplace cancers affecting older males and a major cause of deaths. Regular rectal exams are recommended to discover prostate cancer before it spreads. There is also a blood evaluation that can measure the concentration of a protein, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), which is normally quite low. Raised blood PSA results might signify disorder in the prostate, either prostatitis, bPH or cancer. The PSA test cannot distinguish between them, but can lead a doctor to investigate more closely. Prostate cancer is treated with hormone manipulation (preventing testosterone production), radiation or operations. It has just recently been found that medicines like Docetaxel can sometimes be useful in treating a cancerous prostate.

Stimulation of the prostate gland in men has been compared to stimulation of the G spot in females because prostate stimulation can lead to more powerful sexual climax. Prostate massage or prostate milking refers to massage of the prostate whether for clinical or primarily for sexual purposes.

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