The prostate is a gland that is a vital component of the male sex organs. The prostate gland is mistakenly known as the prostrate, rather than prostate. The prostate gland's most significant function is to first produce and then store a see-through fluid that is an important part of seminal fluid (semen). A non-diseased man's prostate gland is slightly greater in size than a walnut. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra below the urinary bladder. It is also situated in front of the rectal area and part of it can be felt while undergoing the rectal exam.

Inflammation of the prostate is a gland that is termed prostatitis. If the prostate grows enlarged it can stop urine flow, making urination painful and difficult and in very severe cases wholly impassable. Prostatitis can often be treated with antibiotic prescription medications, prostate massage or surgery.

In men who are older, the prostate can grow to the point where urinating becomes difficult or impossible. This is referred to as benign prostatic hyperplasia, commonly termed BPH. It can be treated with different types of medicines or with surgical procedures that removes a portion of the prostate. One common surgery used in such cases is called transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR or TURP).

Cancer of the prostate is one of the most commonplace cancers to affect elderly males and a major cause of deaths. Regular rectal exams are recommended to pick up prostate cancer in the early stages. There is also a blood evaluation that can measure the amount of a protein, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), which is normally very low. Raised blood PSA results may signal disease inside the prostate, whether prostatitis, benign hyperplasia or prostate cancer. The PSA blood test cannot distinguish between them, but can lead a physician to investigate more closely. Prostate cancer is treated with hormone manipulation (preventing testosterone production), radiation or even surgical measures. It has only recently been observed that medications including Docetaxel are useful in treating prostate cancer.

Stimulation of the prostate in men is frequently compared to stimulation of the G spot in females because prostate stimulation can lead to more powerful orgasm. Prostate massage or prostate milking refers to massage of the prostate either for clinical or for strictly sexual purposes.

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