The prostate is a gland that is a vital component of the sex organs of the male. It is mistakenly called the prostrate gland. Its overriding function is to first secrete and then store a transparent liquid that is part of semen, or seminal fluid. A sound individual's prostate gland is a bit larger in size than a shelled walnut. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra beneath the bladder. It is located in front of the rectal area and part of it can be felt while undergoing the rectal part of the exam.

Inflammation in the prostate gland is referred to as prostatitis. If the prostate grows too enlarged it can block the flow of urine, making urination painful and difficult and in severe situations totally impossible. Prostatitis can usually be treated with antibiotic medications, prostate massage or even surgery.

In older-aged men, the prostate often enlarges to the point where urinating becomes difficult or impossible. This is named benign prostatic hyperplasia, commonly called BPH. It can be treated with prescription medications or with surgical procedures that removes part of the prostate. One commonplace surgery used in these types of cases is called transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP or TUR).

Prostatic cancer is one of the most commonplace cancers affecting older males and a major cause of deaths. Regular rectal exams are recommended to find prostate cancer before it spreads. There can be also a laboratory blood test that will measure the concentration of a protein, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), which should normally be quite low. Elevated blood PSA results might signify disease within the prostate, whether prostatitis, bPH or cancer. The PSA test cannot distinguish between these conditions, but can be grounds for a physician to investigate even further. Prostate cancer is treated with hormone manipulation (prevention of production of testosterone), radiation or even surgical measures. It has only recently been found that medicines including Docetaxel can be effective in the treatment of cancer.

Stimulation of the prostate gland in males is typically compared to stimulation of the G spot in females because prostate stimulation can lead to more powerful experience of orgasm. Prostate massage or prostate milking refers to massage of the prostate whether for clinical or strictly sexual purposes.

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