The prostate is a gland that is a vital part of the male sexual organs. It is mistakenly called the prostrate. Its leading role is to produce and store a transparent fluid that is part of semen (seminal fluid). A non-diseased human's prostate gland is slightly heftier in size than a walnut. The prostate surrounds the urethra beneath the urinary bladder. It is also positioned in front of the rectal region and a portion of it can be felt during the rectal part of the exam.

Inflammation in the prostate is a gland that is called prostatitis. If the prostate becomes too enlarged it can hinder the urine stream, making urination very painful and difficult and in very extreme cases wholly impossible. Prostatitis can often be treated with antibiotic prescription medications, massage of the prostate or operations.

In older-aged males, the prostate can enlarge to the point where urination becomes difficult or impossible. This is known as bPH/benign prostatic hyperplasia. It can be treated with different types of medication or with surgical measures that removes part of the prostate. One commonplace surgery used in these types of cases is called transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP or TUR).

Prostatic gland cancer is one of the most commonplace cancers that strikes elderly males and a leading cause of dying. Regular rectal exams are recommended to detect prostate cancer in the early stages. There can be also a laboratory blood test that measures the amount of a protein, PSA or Prostate Specific Antigen), which should normally be quite low. Raised bloodwork PSA results could indicate a disease inside the prostate, whether prostatitis, benign hyperplasia or prostate cancer. The PSA test cannot distinguish between these conditions, but can be grounds for a doctor to investigate more. Prostate cancer is treated with hormonal manipulation (prevention of production of testosterone), radiation or surgical measures. It has just recently been found that medicines such as Docetaxel are effective in the treatment of a cancerous prostate.

Stimulating the prostate gland in males is often compared to stimulation of the G spot in females because prostate stimulation can lead to more powerful sexual climax. Prostate massage or milking refers to massaging motions of the prostate either for medical value or strictly for sexual purposes.

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